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On the String Translations Produced by Multi Bottom–Up Tree Transducers
String Translations Produced Multi Bottom–Up Tree Transducers
2015/9/10
Tree transducers are defined as relations between trees, but in syntax-based machine translation, we are ultimately concerned with the relations between the strings at the yields of the input and outp...
A Bottom-up approach to the cultural evolution of bilingualism
Language Cultural evolution Bilingualism Bottom-up
2015/4/27
The relationship between individual cognition and cultural phenomena at the society level can be transformed by cultural transmission (Kirby, Dowman, & Griffiths, 2007). Top-down models of this proces...
The roles of bottom-up and top-down information in the recognition of reduced speech: Evidence from listeners with normal and impaired hearing
bottom-up top-down information
2015/4/10
Highly reduced pronunciation variants, such as something like ‘yeshay’ for yesterday, are abundant in
conversational speech. Previous research has shown that listeners understand such pronunciation
...
The Roles of Feature-Specific Task Set and Bottom-Up Salience in Attentional Capture: An ERP Study
spatial attention top-down control vision inhibition event-related potentials
2015/4/7
We investigated the roles of top-down task set and bottom-up stimulus salience for feature-specific attentional capture. Spatially nonpredictive cues preceded search arrays that included a color-defin...
English L2 Reading：Getting to the Bottom。
The first edition of English L2 Reading: Getting to the Bottom was granted the California Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages 2004 David E. Eskey Award for Curricular Innovation. In the...