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Piecewise Versus Total Support:How to Deal with Background Information in Likelihood Arguments
likelihood fine-tuning background information observation selection effect total evidence
2016/5/30
The use of the Likelihood Principle as a general tool for assessing rival hypotheses has been criticized for its ambiguous treatment of background information. The LP endorses radically different answ...
In science, models are used in many different ways: to test empirical hypotheses, to help in theory formation, to visualize data, and so on. Scientists construct and study the behavior of models, and ...
Can (quantum) information be sorted out from quantum mechanics?
Quantum Information Laws of physics Observers and objects
2009/11/18
We shall draw an affirmative answer to the question posed in the title. The key point will be a quantum description of physical reality. Once fixed at ontic level two basic elements, namely the laws o...
“A Reexamination of Biological Information from the Perspective of Practice”
Biology Information Signal
2009/9/17
Much of the debate surrounding the concept of information in biology centers on the question of whether or not biological systems ‘really’ carry information. The criterion for determining if a system ...
An oft-repeated claim is that there is information in some biological entity or process, most especially in genes (Downes 2005). Some of these claims derive from the Central Dogma, population genetics...
Form 和 information——论存在结构与语言结构
form information 命题结构 存在结构
2013/3/20
信息一词的西文辞源可以追溯到柏拉图的“相”和亚里士多德的“形式”，相和形式都把存在理解为某种合乎逻辑理性的结构和可以传达理解的有序性，而语言的命题结构与对象的存在结构的同构更可以追溯到巴门尼德的being，既是合对象的“存在”，又是合逻辑的“是”。信息是结构和有序性的赋予，它是从认知结构而推之于存在结构的。
Oxford University Research Group on the Philosophy of Information
Oxford University Research Group Philosophy of Information
2008/7/7
Welcome to the home page of the IEG, the interdepartmental research group on the philosophy of information (PI) at Oxford University.
The IEG is the result of a collaboration between OUCL (the Oxf...
Quantum Information Theory and the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
quantum information Shannon information entanglement
2008/4/22
This thesis is a contribution to the debate on the implications of quantum information theory for the foundations of quantum mechanics.
In Part 1, the logical and conceptual status of various notion...
Explaining the Unobserved: Why Quantum Theory Ain't Only About Information
Quantum information Collapse theories Crucial experiments
2008/4/22
A remarkable theorem by Clifton, Bub and Halvorson (2003) (CBH) characterizes quantum theory in terms of information--theoretic principles. According to Bub (2004, 2005) the philosophical significance...
Science as a Self-Organizing Meta-Information System
science research system self-organization knowledge
2008/4/22
Four basic problems that a theory of science has to deal with concern epistemology, structure, causality, and dynamics of science. These problems deal with the relationship of induction/deduction, act...
The Right Information… and Intelligent Nodes
Intelligent systems multi-resolutional modeling multi-dimensional modeling
2008/4/21
The architecture and mechanism of Intelligent Nodes allows both the Network-centric and Warfighter-centric paradigms to merge. This paper describes a multidisciplinary methodology for developing intel...
The Subtleties of Entanglement and its Role in Quantum Information Theory
entanglement nonlocality dense coding
2008/4/21
My aim in this paper is a modest one. I do not have any particular thesis to advance
about the nature of entanglement, nor can I claim novelty for any of the material I shall
discuss. My aim is simp...
With Genes like that who needs an Environment? Postgenomics' argument for the 'Ontogeny of Information'
genetic information sequence specification
2008/4/15
The linear sequence specification of a gene product is not provided by the target DNA sequence alone but by the mechanisms of gene expressions. The main actors of these mechanisms, proteins and functi...
This paper examines some common measures of complexity, structure, and information, with an eye toward understanding the extent to which complexity or information-content may be regarded as objective ...
Modeling Partially Reliable Information Sources: a General Approach based on Dempster-Shafer Theory
Dempster-Shafer Theory Probabilistic Argumentation
2008/4/15
Combining testimonial reports from independent and partially reliable information sources is an important problem of uncertain reasoning. Within the framework of Dempster-Shafer theory, we propose a g...